What Are The Benefits Of Internet Control Message Protocol?

similarly, this second data message pdu is also the above pdu 210. The bandwidth utilization may be calculated and obtained through the following equation: Bandwidth utilization=(1-ber)pdu length(pdu length-pdu header)/pdu length, which is not limited in this embodiment. The receiving terminal 120 calculates bandwidth utilizations of the available pdu types of pdu lengths that are configured in the RRC message when the connection is established, selects a pdu length corresponding to the maximum bandwidth utilization as the length of the changed second data message pdu. After the receiving terminal 120 determines the length of the second data message pdu, it informs the transmitting terminal 110 about the length of the second data message pdu through the pdu change request.

Finally, in Step (D), the transmitting terminal 110 transmits data to the receiving terminal 120 by utilizing the second data message pdu mentioned in the pdu change request, and the transmitting terminal 110 generates the second data message pdu according to the record of the pdu change request, and sets the data length reset bit in the second data message pdu as 1 when transmitting the second data message pdu for the first time, so as to inform the receiving terminal 120 to receive the subsequent pdu with the updated pdu length. After receiving the second data message pdu, the receiving terminal 120 changes the used pdu length.

It should be noted that, besides the circumstance that the transmitting terminal 110 changes to transmit data to the receiving terminal 120 with the second data message pdu according to the pdu change request transmitted from the receiving terminal 120, the transmitting terminal 110 may automatically generate an appropriate pdu length of a third data message To sum up, the data transmission system and method for dynamically adjusting the pdu length in the present invention, applicable for dynamically adjusting and achieving the most appropriate pdu length according to the ber or the BER of data transmission, has the following advantages. pdu according to the ber or the BER fed back from the receiving terminal 120. The third data message pdu, similar to the second data message pdu, is a kind of the data message pdu. The transmitting terminal 110 uses the third data message pdu to transmit data. The steps for the transmitting terminal 110 to transmit data with the third data message pdu are similar to those for transmitting data with the second data message pdu, which thus will not be further described herein any more.

To make the above data transmission method be more clearly understood, a timing chart is taken as an example for illustration. FIG. 4 is a timing chart of the data transmission system and method according to this embodiment. Referring to FIG. 4, first, a connection is established between the transmitting terminal 110 and the receiving terminal 120. Next, the transmitting terminal 110 sequentially transmits the first data message pdus with the sequence numbers (SN) as 0, 1, 2 to the receiving terminal 120, wherein the used pdu length is 18, and the initial value of the data length reset bit is 0. After receiving the first data message pdus, the receiving terminal 120 performs the check sum operation, and feeds back the checking result to the transmitting terminal 110 with the data acknowledgement message pdu. In this example, the receiving terminal 120 found that the first data message pdu with the sequence number of 2 needs to be retransmitted, and at this time, the receiving terminal 120 calculates an appropriate pdu length.

After the calculation, the receiving terminal 120 informs the transmitting terminal 110, with the data message length change requirement pdu, to transmit data with the second data message pdu having the pdu length of 25. After receiving the data message length change requirement pdu, if the transmitting terminal 110 cannot get read to transmit data with the second data message pdu in real time, it transmits the data with the original first data message pdu. If the transmitting terminal 110 got ready to transmit data with the second data message pdu, it transmits data with the second data message pdu, and at this time, the transmitting terminal 110 sets the data length reset bit as 1 to inform the receiving terminal 120 to change the predetermined pdu length for receiving.

Cixi Jinchi Plastic & Rubber Electric Appliances Factory is specializing in the production of pdu socket, floor socket and mobile power outlet.

Internet Marketing – Use Message Boards

There are numerous concepts that come under the umbrella of Internet marketing like banner advertising, Search Engine Optimization, e-newsletter, etc. One of the simplest and least expensive strategies for online promotion is using message boards. In this article, we will discuss how message boards can be used as an Internet marketing strategy.

Message boards are basically online discussion sites which are used by people for online interaction to discuss their problems, learn new strategies, ask questions, provide advice, etc. These boards are developed by keeping particular niche in mind that can be anything like basket ball team, Internet marketing, essay writing, current events, jobs, television shows, etc. Message boards are popular among Internet marketers as these are used to reach the target audience.

Suppose there is a board that focuses on website promotion. So mostly people who are interested in promoting their website join this board to interact with other website owners and promoters to gain knowledge.

By actively participating in the message boards you get a good opportunity to promote your business and website. This is because while replying for a particular post you can place the link of your website at the end of the post that is in the signature line. This is important because there are numerous people who visit boards daily.

Before starting with the message board it is important to register with the site and check all the guidelines. Some message boards have strict guidelines which you have to follow to avoid termination of your membership. Take care to include links to your website wherever it is relevant. Do not make the board look spam by replying to all the posts by placing the link. If you do this, then the visitors may start ignoring your website or this can even lead to the termination of account.

Also, keep all the posts professional. This is because if you act professionally, then only other people will take your seriously and reply to your post. This does not mean that you just act professionally in the messages which include the link. You have to be professional in other posts also. Reply for the posts only if you are confident that the information you are providing is absolutely correct.

Message boards are the only marketing strategy that is simple and free.

Charles Greer is a big marketing guy. He can give you the marketing techniques ever used for driving good traffic. To get the best knowledge from this marketing guru just visit the website http://www.marketingforaffiliatesinstitute.com

Making A Flashing Led Circuit Message Board

Recent trend for the advertisement of Entertainment industry has substantiated in its own uniqueness of hand-written messages. This allows the advertisers to freely write, draw, anything they want at different occasions. The hand-written LED message board is widely used to cope with various needs with creativities.

LED lights have a variety of uses. You can use them as a distress signal during an emergency, at a party to spruce up an event, or by using smaller bulbs you can even decorate a greeting card. However you choose to use the Flashing LED Board it is sure to catch someone’s attention.

Step 1: First, you will need a flashing LED bulb. These can be found at a hardware or electronics store. Choose one that can be hooked to a 9-volt battery system.

Step 2: The next step is to attach the bulb. Connect the longer lead of the LED to the positive end of the battery. Connect the shorter lead of the LED to the negative end of the battery.

Step 3: You should also have the circuit board ready. Using pliers, insert the leads connected to the battery to the circuit board plug. At this point you should see the bulb flashing

Step 4: Now make the connection permanent. Using about 4 inches of 20-gauge wire, remove about half an inch of copper conductor at the ends of the wire. Prepare your soldering iron. Once it is ready, solder the red wire to the switch. Let it cool down before you switch it on.

Step 5: Once the soldered part has cooled down, you can attach the positive lead, attached to the positive end of the battery, to the switch. Connect the negative lead, negative end of battery and the negative lead of the battery. Now you can test the connection by switching it on. The LED bulb you have installed should flash.

Step 6: You can add more bulbs to the circuit if you need. Just follow the same procedures stated above.

Most LED message board have a 200, 000 hour service time and are completely maintenance free. It is easy to clean, does not heat up, operates silently and it is safe to touch. Another advantage of the LED Signs fluorescent boards is that they are break and scratch resistant even after prolonged or continuous writing and usage.

LED message boards with neon effect is flamboyant, glamorous and an absolute catcher of eyeballs.

Lari Smith has been writing articles online for nearly 3 years now. Specialize in business signs articles. If you need more about Advertising signs and LED Message Board method, please reference http://www.flashingboards.com/.

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Our View – If you serve on a public board, know the law

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Hey Pope Francis, You Have Kids First!
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